EXPLORE CNC PLOTTER
In today’s world, the basic requirement of any industry is to produce large quantity and quality products with low production and installation cost having a high surface finish and great dimensional accuracy. So this can be achieved by a machine which is controlled by Computer. They are basically known as CNC machines. This is the prototype of CNC machines.
Computer Numerical Control (or CNC) is an advanced form of automatic machine that used widely to control the motion of these machine tools. Numerical control machine was first invented around in 19th century to minimize the load of the work. Its advantage ensures higher efficiency, higher flexibility, and low production cost, a little working time and a little loss in production. It mainly follows three steps that are receiving data, interpreting them and react accordingly.
The first commercial NC machines were built in the 1950's, and ran from punched tape.CNC, and later CNC, allowed for tremendous increases in productivity for machine tools because the machines could be run automatically without requiring constant attention from their operator.
A stepper motor is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. Stepper Motors represent the heart of CNC plotter. Two stepper motors are used for x and y axis for precise control over drawing pen (sketching unit) for object sketching. They have important role such that they control the size and type of speed, accuracy, CNC router precision etc. . .
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This can be used for engraving machines, 3D printers. It is a total of four slots, can drive four A4988 stepper motor.Each road stepper motor needs only two IO ports. In other wors, six IO ports can be well managed three stepper motors. very convenient to use.
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Stepper motor drivers are specifically designed to drive stepper motors, which are capable of continuous rotation with precise position control, even without a feedback system. They offer adjustable current control and multiple step resolutions, and they feature built-in translators that allow a stepper motor to be controlled with simple step and direction inputs. In this project we use two drivers for the two stepper motors.
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It simplify the process of creating any control system by providing the standard board that can be programmed and connected to the system without the need to any sophisticated PCB design and impementation.
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Servo motor controls the up and down movement of drawing pen in z axis direction It controlled by sending an electrical pulse of variable width, or Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and this can be achieved using the microcontroller. It determines the position of the shaft, through the control wire, which represent the z axis.
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The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the board (https://www.arduino.cc). It is simplified C/C++ functions language- based programming can be download functionality with a rich set of library functions. After download and install on pc can be write the program by C language and from tools and port must be choose the port connection between computer and Arduino through USB. After this step can be verify the program by error checking and the message is done compiling when it finished and no error. After this step can be upload the program on the Arduino
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Using this software we can convert any image to their G code extension file. Inkscape is a free and open source vector graphics editor it can be used to create or edit vector graphics such as illustrations, diagram line, arts, charts, logos and complex paintings. Inkscape’s primary vector graphics is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), however many other formats can be imported and exported. Inkscape can render primitive vector shapes (e.g. rectangles, ellipses, polygon, arcs, spirals, stars and 3D boxes) and text. These object may be filled with solid colors, patterns, radial or linear color gradients and their borders may be stroked, both with adjustable transparency. Embedding and optional tracing of raster graphics is also supported, enabling the editor to create vector graphics from other photos and raster sources. Created shapes can be further manipulated with transformation, such as moving, rotating, scaling and skewing.
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GRBL is an open source software or firmware which enables motion control for CNC machines. We can easily install the GRBL firmware to an Arduino and so we instantly get a low cost, high performance CNC controller. The GRBL uses G-code as input, and outputs motion control via the Arduino .
Learn MoreThis section will discuss the electronic parts and wiring which is needed for designing and building our CNC plotter machine. So, the main electronic component required are one Arduino UNO R3, one CNC V3 Shield with A4988 Driver Module with Heatsink for Arduino, stepper motors, D.C. power supply, pen holder, some wires and USB to serial adapter. These are some of the electronics which are needed for the wiring system.
In this project, we used the concept of a low-cost plotter machine, which is easily controlled by the computer. It is easy to operate and the work also can be done accurate without any errors. This small machine can be easily transported and assembled everywhere as required. The board size of this device is 12X12 cm. Stepper Motor will run on this standard for board size. If we have an increase in the size or length of the lead coil, it will be free to make the large size of the design on paper. Due to small size it is restricted to a certain area width and length.
The machine is just an example of preliminary example keeping in mind the use and costs incurred. There is huge scope for further improvements in the machine. They can be listed below.Its is planned to scale up the prototype CNC Machine in the terms of size, use more powerful motors, strengthen the frame and workable with the materials like aluminum or cast iron, and augment the CNC control software for stimulation ahead of actual run. The implementation of 3D printing technology can also be done to the same hardware for printing of 3d models.
HE IS THE ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF PHYSICS AT CGC,LANDRAN.
He is pursuing B. tech Major in Mechanical Engineering and Minor in Computer Science Engineering from CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE LANDRAN, India & recognized by AICTE, accredited by NBA. He has completed his intermediate from KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA F.A.D 33, Dappar.
He is pursuing B. tech in Mechanical Engineering from CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE LANDRAN, India & recognized by AICTE, accredited by NBA. He has completed his intermediate from GOVT. MODEL SEN. SEC. SCHOOL, SEC.33D, CHANDIGARH.
He is pursuing B. tech in Mechanical Engineering from CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE LANDRAN, India & recognized by AICTE, accredited by NBA. He has completed his intermediate from GOVT.SEN. SEC. SCHOOL, NAMHOL, BILASPUR, H.P.
He is pursuing B. tech in Mechanical Engineering from CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE LANDRAN, India & recognized by AICTE, accredited by NBA. He has completed his intermediate from MOUNT CARMEL SCHOOL, SEC.47 B, CHANDIGARH.